Impanga - umunara ukonje ni iki?

 

 

Kubireba imiterere yuburyo, modules ebyiri zimpanga - umunara ukonjesha umunara urashobora gutoranywa nkkubara - gutemba, kwambuka - gutembacyangwa iminara isanzwe yubwoko bumwe ukurikije ibisabwa nyabyo. Ihuriro risanzwe ni inshuro ebyiri - iminara itemba cyangwa umusaraba wikubye - iminara. Iminara ihujwe no guhuza imiyoboro, inkunga isangiwe, hamwe na sisitemu ihuriweho. Ikibaya cyo gukusanya ahanini cyakozwe nkuburyo bwahujwe kugirango amazi yinyuma amwe hamwe n’amazi ahoraho yiminara yombi. Mubyongeyeho, impanga - umunara ukonjesha umunara urashobora gutondekwa muri aibishushanyo cyangwa imbere - imiterere yinyuma. Imiterere ya simmetrike ifite umwanya munini ariko itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka; imbere - imiterere yinyuma igaragaramo imiterere yoroheje, bigatuma ibera kurubuga rufite umwanya muto wo kwishyiriraho. Imiterere rusange igumana ubwigenge bwa buri munara umwe, byorohereza kubungabunga no kuvugurura bitandukanye.

 

 

Kubijyanye nihame ryakazi, uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bwimpanga - umunara ukonjesha umunara uhuye nuwo munara umwe, byombi bigera ku gukonjeshaguhumeka ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa convective. Itandukaniro ryibanze riri muburyo bwimikorere yuburyo bukora: mugihe umutwaro wo gukonjesha wa sisitemu ari muto, umunara umwe gusa urashobora gukora kugirango umenye imbaraga - ibikorwa byo kuzigama munsi yumutwaro muke; iyo umutwaro ugeze cyangwa urenze ubushobozi bwo gushushanya umunara umwe, iminara yombi ikorera icyarimwe kugirango ihuze - ibisabwa byo gukonjesha; niba umunara umwe usenyutse cyangwa bisaba kubungabungwa, undi urashobora gukora nkigice cyo gusubiza inyuma kugirango ukomeze ibikorwa byibanze byo gukonjesha, wirinde guhagarika sisitemu yumusaruro wose kubera kunanirwa ibikoresho.

 

 

 

Ibyiza byingenzi byimpanga - umunara ukonjesha umunara bigaragarira mubice bitatu. Icya mbere,ubudahangarwa bukabije: igishushanyo mbonera - igishushanyo mbonera cyongera cyane ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu, bigatuma gikwiranye ninganda zifite ibisabwa cyane kugirango bikore neza, nkibyuma, inganda, ninganda zingufu. Icya kabiri,guhuza imitwaro byoroshye: irashobora gutahura ihinduka hagati ya - umunara hamwe nimpanga - imikorere yumunara ukurikije uko akazi gakorwa. Ugereranije n'umunini munini - umunara wo gukonjesha ufite ubushobozi bumwe, urashobora kugabanya neza gukoresha ingufu z'abafana mugihe gito - umutwaro, ukagera kubukungu bwiza. Icya gatatu,kubungabunga neza: iminara ibiri irashobora gufungwa kugirango ibungabunge ukwayo itabujije imikorere ya sisitemu yose yo gukonjesha, igabanya cyane igihe cyo kuyitaho kandi igabanya ibikorwa no kubungabunga (O&M).

 

 

Kubijyanye na progaramu ya progaramu, impanga - iminara yo gukonjesha umunara ikwiranye cyane cyane na sisitemu yinganda zifite imizigo mito nini nini yo gukonjesha, harimo cyane cyane: sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikwirakwizwa rya generator nini, aho ubushobozi bw umunara umwe budahagije kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byumutwaro kandi ibice bisubizwa inyuma bisabwa kugirango bikomeze gukora; sisitemu yo gukonjesha reaktor mu nganda zikora imiti n’ibyuma, aho umutwaro uhindagurika cyane kandi hakenewe guhinduka byoroshye ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha; na sisitemu yo hagati yo gushyushya no gukonjesha, ifite ibisabwa byinshi kugirango ibikoresho byizewe kandi bikore neza. Mubyongeyeho, mubihe bidasanzwe byikirere nkaubutumburuke buri hejuru, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'ubushuhe bwinshi, ibice bibiri - igishushanyo mbonera cyimpanga - iminara yo gukonjesha umunara irashobora kunoza neza uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe kugirango ishobore gukonjesha mugihe gikabije cyakazi.

 

 

 

Muguhitamo ubwoko, ibintu bitatu byingenzi bigomba kwibandaho. Icya mbere,umutwaro ukonje. Icya kabiri,ubwoko bw'umunara: hitamo guhuza compte - gutemba cyangwa kwambuka - iminara yimpanga ukurikije umwanya wubatswe, imiterere yubuziranenge bwamazi, hamwe nibisabwa bikonje. Kuri nto - umwanya hamwe na - ibintu bisobanutse,inshuro ebyiri - iminara itembaBikunzwe; kuri binini - gutemba no hejuru - ibintu bitesha umutwe,kabiri umusaraba - iminara itembaBikunzwe. Icya gatatu,sisitemu yo kugenzura: ibyihutirwa bigomba guhabwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ifite imikorere yo kugenzura ibintu byikora, ishobora kumenya guhinduranya byikora hagati yumunara - umunara hamwe nimpanga - imikorere yumunara, kunoza ubwenge ningufu zikorwa.

 

 

Twibuke koigiciro cyambere cyo gushorayimpanga - umunara ukonjesha umunara uruta uw' umunara munini - umunara wo gukonjesha ufite ubushobozi bumwe, kandi ufite n'umwanya munini. Kubwibyo, mubihe bifite umutwaro muto, umwanya muto, hamwe nibisabwa bike kugirango umurengera, umunara umwe uhenze - neza. Mugihe uhitamo ubwoko, hagomba kwitabwaho byimazeyo ishoramari ryambere, igiciro cyibikorwa, imiterere yikibanza, hamwe na sisitemu yo kwizerwa kugirango hamenyekane neza ibikoresho.