Kuki amashanyarazi amwe n'amwe adafite iminara ikonje?

 

 

 

I.Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bugaragaza akamaro ko gukonjesha

 

Icyifuzo gikonjesha gikenerwa n’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi ni ugusohora ubushyuhe bw’imyuka iva muri turbine. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ishyizwe muburyo butatu:rimwe - binyuze mu gukonjesha, gufunga - kuzenguruka gukonjesha, nagukonjesha ikirere. Iminara ikonje ikoreshwa gusa mugufunga - loop izenguruka sisitemu yo gukonjesha.

 

 

 

2.Funze - loop izenguruka gukonjesha (iminara ikonje isabwa)

 

Imashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi yo mu gihugu imbere, ibuzwa n'amazi make, ifatakuzenguruka amazi + umunara ukonjeuburyo. Kuzenguruka amazi bikurura ubushyuhe muri kondenseri hanyuma bikajyanwa mu minara ikonje kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe no kugabanya ubushyuhe binyuze mu guhumeka, mbere yo gusubira inyuma kugirango ikoreshwe, bityo wirinde imyanda y’amazi. Imishinga y’ingufu za kirimbuzi zo mu gihugu (urugero, inganda zimwe na zimwe zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi zo mu Burayi no muri Amerika) zigomba kuba zifite iminara ikonje nk'ibikoresho bisanzwe.

 

3. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikirere (nta minara gakondo yo gukonjesha isabwa)

 

Amashanyarazi amwe mu turere twumutse afata ubukonje butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye, aho gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bigerwaho hifashishijwe itumanaho ritaziguye cyangwa ritaziguye hagati y’ibikoresho byo guhanahana ikirere n’ubushyuhe. Ubu buryo ntiburimo gutakaza umwuka kandi ntibisaba iminara ikonje, ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe kandi ikenera ahantu hanini ho guhanahana ubushyuhe no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi zabafana.

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II. Ingaruka z'ingenzi za geografiya n'amazi

 

1.Ibyiza byo ku nkombe / uruzi - ahantu hegeranye

 

Amazi menshi yo mu nyanja n’amazi yinzuzi arashobora kuzuza amazi no gusohora inshuro imwe - binyuze mu gukonjesha, bikuraho gukenera iminara ikonje. Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi yose akoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi mu Bushinwa aherereye ku nkombe, ku buryo iminara ikonje muri rusange idashyizweho.

 

2.Imipaka yimbere / amazi - ahantu hatari

 

Uturere two mu gihugu duhura n’amazi meza. Iyo - binyuze mu gukonjesha bigabanywa n’amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya amazi, bigatuma gufunga - kuzenguruka gukonjesha gukonjesha guhitamo, kandi iminara yo gukonjesha iba ikintu gisanzwe. Kurugero, amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi imbere muri Amerika no mubufaransa byose bifite iminara minini ya hyperboloid.

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III. Itandukaniro muburyo bwa reaction na Coolants

 

Ibishushanyo bya sisitemu yo gukonjesha biratandukanye muburyo butandukanye bwa reaktor, kandi ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa reaction ntibisanzwe bisaba iminara gakondo.

 

Ubwoko bwa reaction	Coolant	Ibiranga ubukonje	Ibisabwa byo gukonjesha
Imashini itanga amazi (PWR)	Hejuru - amazi yumuvuduko	Ibice byibanze nicyiciro cya kabiri biratandukanye; icyiciro cya kabiri gisaba gukonjesha umwuka	Ntabwo bisabwa kubimera byo ku nkombe ukoresheje rimwe - ukoresheje gukonjesha; bisabwa kubimera byimbere ukoresheje gufunga - gukonjesha
Imashini itetse (BWR)	Amazi	Imashini ikonjesha kugirango itange umwuka; umwuka wuzuye ugomba gukenera	Ntabwo bisabwa kubimera byo ku nkombe ukoresheje rimwe - ukoresheje gukonjesha; bisabwa kubimera byimbere ukoresheje gufunga - gukonjesha
Sodium - yakonje yihuta	Sodium y'amazi	Icyuma cyamazi gitanga ubushyuhe buhanitse; nta gukonjesha guhumeka bisabwa	Mubisanzwe nta minara gakondo ikonje isabwa
Hejuru - Gazi y'Ubushyuhe - Imashini ikonje	Helium	Gukonjesha gaze hamwe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe binyuze mu guhanahana ubushyuhe	Nta minara gakondo yo gukonjesha isabwa
Thorium - ishingiye kumashanyarazi yumunyu	Umunyu ushonga	Gukonjesha umunyu ushonga; igishushanyo cya sisitemu ntisaba guhumeka amazi kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke	Nta minara gakondo yo gukonjesha isabwa

 

 

 

 

IV.Ubucuruzi - hagati yo Kurengera Ibidukikije n’Ubukungu

 

1.Ibidukikije byubahirizwa

Iyo - bimaze gukonjeshwa bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwibidukikije bijyanye nubushyuhe bwamazi n’umwanda. Uturere two ku nkombe dufite ubushobozi bunini bwamazi, bigatuma byuzuza ibisabwa. Imbere mu gihugu hafunzwe - loop izenguruka gukonjesha igenzura ubushyuhe binyuze mu minara ikonje kugirango yubahirize amabwiriza y’ibidukikije.

 

 

2.Ubukungu

Rimwe - binyuze mu gukonjesha biranga amafaranga make yo kubaka nigikorwa cyo gukora ariko biterwa nimbogamizi zamazi. Gufunga - kuzenguruka gukonjesha bisaba kubaka iminara yo gukonjesha, irimo ishoramari ryinshi ariko ikwiranye n’amazi - ahantu hake. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikirere ni amazi - kuzigama ariko ukoresha ingufu nyinshi zabafana, biganisha kumafaranga maremare -.

                                                

Ibihe bidasanzwe no Gukora Igishushanyo

 

1.Ibikoresho bya nucleaire (amato / submarines)

Bitewe n'umwanya muto, sisitemu yo gukonjesha (urugero, amazi yo mu nyanja rimwe - binyuze mu gukonjesha hamwe na - ihinduranya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru) byemewe, nta minara ikonje yashyizweho.

 

2.Ibikoresho bito bito (SMR)

Ibishushanyo bimwe bifata gukonjesha cyangwa gukonjesha ikirere, koroshya sisitemu no kuvanaho iminara minini yo gukonjesha.

 

Mu gusoza, niba uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi rufite iminara ikonjesha ni icyemezo cyuzuye gishingiye ku buryo bwo gukonjesha, imiterere y’imiterere, imiterere ya reaktor, n’ibintu by’ubukungu. Inkombe rimwe - binyuze muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha, ubwoko bwihariye bwa reaktor (urugero, sodium - yakonje yihuta, gaze hejuru - gaze yubushyuhe - reaction ikonje), hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikirere ntibisaba iminara gakondo yo gukonjesha, mugihe imbere hafunzwe - sisitemu yo gukonjesha igomba kuba ifite iminara ikonje. Hamwe no kwagura ingufu za kirimbuzi mu gihugu no mu mazi - ahantu hake, gukoresha iminara ikonje bizagenda byiyongera. Hagati aho, tekinoroji yo gukonjesha ikirere nubwoko bushya bwa reaktor nayo itera itandukaniro ryiterambere rya sisitemu yo gukonjesha.