Umunara

Ihame ry'akazi ryo gukonjesha umunara

Ibisobanuro byumunara ukonje

Umunara ukonjesha ni igikoresho gikoresha amazi nka coolant izenguruka. Ikurura ubushyuhe muri sisitemu ikayirekura mu kirere kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe bw’amazi. Igikorwa cyacyo cyo gukonjesha gishingiye ku guhumeka kw'amazi, bigatuma amazi akonje ashobora kongera gukoreshwa no kugabanya imyanda iva mu bukungu.

Ihame ryo gukonjesha

Umunara ukonjesha usuka amazi ashyushye hejuru yibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bigatuma ushobora guhura numwuka uhita. Ihererekanyabubasha ryumvikana riba hagati y'amazi ashyushye n'umwuka ukonje, mugihe igice cyamazi ashyushye kiguruka kandi kikarekura ubushyuhe bwihishwa bwo guhumeka mukirere. Amazi akonje agwa mu kigega cy'amazi hanyuma agashyirwa mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo yongere gukuramo ubushyuhe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo gutoranya umunara

Ibisobanuro birambuye birakenewe mugihe uhitamo umunara ukonje:

Kuzenguruka umuvuduko w'amazi;

Ubushyuhe bwamazi (bushyushye) bwumunara ukonjesha;

Ubushyuhe bwamazi (ubukonje) bwumunara ukonje;

Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere butose;

Umuvuduko wa moteri ninshuro;

Kuzenguruka ubwiza bw'amazi;

Ikibanza cyibidukikije hamwe n’ahantu haboneka;

Ubwoko bw umunara usabwa.

Ibiranga umunara ukonje

Incamake ya Counterflow Cooling umunara

Amazi atemba amanuka muburyo busanzwe hamwe nuburemere binyuze mubikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, mugihe umwuka unyura mu buryo butambitse binyuze mubikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bihura n’amazi kuruhande. Umusaraba - igishushanyo mbonera kigabanya ubukana bwumwuka kandi gitanga urugero runini rwumwuka ugereranije nubwoko bwo guhangana.

Ibiranga

Umusaraba - igishushanyo mbonera kigabanya imbaraga zo kurwanya ikirere kandi kizigama imbaraga;

Irashobora guhuzwa nigishushanyo cyurukiramende rwinyubako zubatswe neza;

Yemera hasi - igishushanyo mbonera, yubahiriza ibipimo byigihugu;

Ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bikoresha igishushanyo mbonera, kigaragaza imbaraga nyinshi ningaruka nziza zo gukwirakwiza;

Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata umurongo mugari, hamwe n'umuvuduko muke wo kuzunguruka, ubwinshi bwikirere hamwe n urusaku ruke;

Gucecekesha umuyaga ucecetse ushyirwa munsi ya disiki ya blade kugirango wirinde gusubira mu kirere, kongera umwuka no kugabanya urusaku rwumuyaga;

Bifite inzugi zo kugenzura kugirango byoroshye kugenzura no kubungabunga;

Irashobora gushyirwaho muburyo bubangikanye, itanga gukoresha byoroshye no kuzigama ingufu.

Guhitamo umunara

Intambwe yo gutoranya umunara

1.1 Banza, menya ubushyuhe bwamazi yinjira muminara ikonje kugirango uhitemo ubwoko busanzwe -, hagati - ubushyuhe - ubwoko cyangwa hejuru - ubushyuhe - ubwoko bukonje.

1.2 Menya urusaku rusabwa rushingiye ku bikoresho bikoreshwa cyangwa kuri - aho urubuga rumeze, hanyuma uhitemo umusaraba - utemba cyangwa umunara ukonjesha.

1.3 Hitamo igipimo cyo gukonjesha umunara ukurikije igipimo cyamazi akonje ya chiller cyangwa imashini ikonjesha. Mubisanzwe, igipimo cyo gukonjesha umunara kigomba kuba kinini kuruta icyuma gikonjesha (mubisanzwe inshuro 1,2-1.25).

1.4 Iyo iminara myinshi yashizwemo mugihe kimwe, gerageza guhitamo icyitegererezo kimwe cyumunara ukonje.

Icyitonderwa cyo gukonjesha umunara

2.1 Ibikoresho byubatswe umunara ukonje bigomba kuba bihamye, biramba, byangirika - birwanya kandi byegeranye neza.

2.2 Gukwirakwiza amazi amwe, gutembera kwurukuta ruto, guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya spray bidakunda gufunga.

2.3 Ubwoko bwo gukonjesha umunara bugomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa byubuziranenge bwamazi nubushyuhe bwamazi.

2.4 Umufana agomba guhuzwa neza kugirango arebe igihe kirekire - mikorere isanzwe nta kunyeganyega cyangwa urusaku rudasanzwe. Icyuma kigomba kugira isuri nziza yo kurwanya isuri n'imbaraga zihagije. Inguni yo kwishyiriraho ibyuma bifata ibyuma irashobora guhinduka, ariko inguni zigomba kuba zihamye, kandi moteri ya moteri ntigomba kurenza umuyaga wagenwe.

2.5 Gukoresha ingufu nke nigiciro gito. Gitoya na Hagati - Ingano yicyuma ikarito yikirahure ikonje nayo igomba kuba yoroshye.

2.6 Umunara ukonjesha ugomba kwirinda cyane bishoboka hafi y’amasoko y’ubushyuhe, imyanda y’imyanda n’ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu, ahantu ho kubika imiti n’ibirundo by’amakara.

2.7 Intera iri hagati yiminara ikonjesha cyangwa hagati yiminara nizindi nyubako ntigomba gutekereza gusa kubisabwa byo guhumeka iminara hamwe ningaruka ziterwa hagati yiminara ninyubako ahubwo harebwa kandi umuriro nigisasu - byerekana intera yumutekano winyubako nibisabwa byubaka no kubungabunga iminara ikonje.

2.8 Icyerekezo cyumuyoboro winjira wumunara ukonjesha urashobora kuzunguruka kuri dogere 90, dogere 180 cyangwa dogere 270.

2.9 Ibikoresho byumunara ukonjesha birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke bwa dogere - 50, ariko kubice aho ubushyuhe buringaniye mukwezi gukonje buri munsi ya dogere -10, bigomba gutomorwa mugihe washyizeho itegeko ryo gufata ingamba zo kurwanya ibicu. Igiciro cyumunara ukonjesha kiziyongera hafi 3%.

2.10 Umuvuduko w'amazi azenguruka ntugomba kurenza 50mg / l, kandi nturenze 100mg / l mugihe gito. Ntigomba kuba irimo amavuta cyangwa umwanda. Bibaye ngombwa hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukuraho algae no gufata neza amazi.

2.11 Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi yateguwe ukurikije ubwinshi bwamazi. Niba ubwinshi bwamazi atandukanye hejuru ya ± 15% nubunini bwamazi yizina, bigomba gutomorwa mugihe utanze itegeko ryo guhindura igishushanyo.

2.12 Mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara, ntakintu kiremereye kigomba gushyirwa mubice bikonje bikonje, kandi ntibigomba guhura nizuba ryizuba. Kwirinda umuriro nabyo bigomba kwitonderwa. Mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho, gutwara no gufata neza umunara ukonjesha, umuriro ufunguye nko gusudira amashanyarazi no gusudira gaze ntugomba gukoreshwa, kandi ibicanwa n’umuriro ntibigomba guhaguruka hafi.

2.13 Kubishushanyo mbonera yiminara myinshi, intera iringaniye hagati yiminara igomba kuba byibuze inshuro 0,5 zumurambararo. Umusaraba - iminara itembera hamwe na minara ya kare iringaniye irashobora gutondekanya.

2.14 Pompe yamazi yatoranijwe igomba guhuzwa numunara ukonjesha kugirango harebwe ibisabwa nkigipimo cyo gutemba no kuzamura.

2.15 Mugihe uhitamo iminara myinshi yo gukonjesha, hitamo icyitegererezo kimwe gishoboka.

Kubungabunga

Amazi akonje menshi arimo calcium ion, magnesium ion na bicarbonate. Iyo amazi akonje anyuze hejuru yicyuma, igipimo cya karubone. Byongeye kandi, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga mu mazi akonje urashobora kandi gutera kwangirika kwicyuma no kubora ingese. Bitewe no gushiraho ingese nubunini, uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bwumunara ukonje buragabanuka. Mugihe gikomeye, birakenewe gutera amazi akonje hanze yikibabi. Gupima cyane birashobora guhagarika imiyoboro kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe bwo guhana ubushyuhe butagira ingaruka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko kubitsa igipimo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gutakaza ubushyuhe. Kwiyongera kubitsa bizatuma ibiciro byingufu byiyongera. Ndetse urwego ruto cyane rushobora kongera igiciro cyo gukora igice kinini cyibikoresho hejuru ya 40%. Kugumana imiyoboro ikonjesha idafite amabuye y'agaciro birashobora kunoza neza imikorere, kuzigama ingufu, kongera igihe cya serivisi y'ibikoresho, no kuzigama igihe cyo gukora n'ibiciro. Kuva kera, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukora isuku nkuburyo bwubukanishi (gusiba, gukaraba), amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi -, hamwe nogusukura imiti (gutoragura) byahuye nibibazo byinshi mugihe cyoza ibikoresho: ntibishobora gukuraho burundu ibipimo nibindi byabitswe, umuti wa acide wangiza ibikoresho kugirango ube umwobo, kandi aside isigara itera kwangirika kwa kabiri cyangwa munsi ya - kwangirika kwibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, isuku yimyanda isukuye nuburozi kandi bisaba amafaranga menshi yo gutunganya amazi mabi.